Novel and non-traditional data for the study of sustainability transitions

Understanding sustainability transitions requires moving beyond traditional forms of analysis and data collection. As societies work toward more sustainable ways of living and governing, the forces driving these transformations are diverse and dynamic, unfolding across environmental, social, economic, and institutional domains. From a political economy perspective, capturing such processes demands data that can reflect change as it happens and make visible the interdependencies shaping transition pathways. This chapter examines the opportunities and challenges of using novel, non-traditional data sources to study sustainability transitions.