I diversi volti del fallimento scolastico: ruolo dei predittori individuali e relazionali.

Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the present study aims to analyse the multivariate role of cognitive variables (ego-resiliency, academic self-efficacy, coping strategies) and social-relational factors (bullying, delinquent behaviours, friendships peer nominations) in predicting different types of school failure, controlling for past academic failure, achievement and for school type and grade. At the second year (T2) of an Italian longitudinal study involving 1300 students enrolled at T1 in 9th, 10th and 11th grades, three groups were selected: dropouts, students who repeated a grade and promoted students. Dropouts (N = 128) and retained students (N = 162) differed from promoted students for academic self-efficacy and avoidance coping strategies. Furthermore, dropouts compared to the other groups are more socially isolated in their class. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications.