Metal Nanoparticles-Based Affinity Biosensors

A new emerging field that combines nanoscale materials and biosensor technology is receiving increased attention. Nanostructures have been used to achieve direct wiring of enzymes to electrode surfaces, to promote electrochemical reactions, impose nano barcodes on biomaterials, and amplify the signal from biorecognition events. NP-based sensors have found wide spread applications in the environmental and medical applications for their sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this chapter, without pretending to being exhaustive, is mainly to review recent important achievements about metal nanoparticles preparation, their bio modification and the new applications for protein detections by means of a set of selected recent publications.