Micromorphology as a method of assessing the mountain soil sensitivity in order to elaborate the meliorative technology friendly to environment and biodiversity

In the current context of the global climate changes, in the Carpathians exercises strong pressure on mountain ecosystems due to the massive and uncontrolled deforestation, expansion of the urban areas and land restitution (followed, mostly by land use changing). In these circumstances, the sensitivity of the mountain soils under posed on their existing precarious balance with the environment. The paper emphasized the sensitivity of the mountain soils from a catena, consisting of five soil profiles, located in central-northern part of the Pădurea Craiului Mountains of the Romanian Western Carpathians. The data show a very low pH of the studied soils, ranging from 4.45 to 5.76, as a result the vegetation is acidophilus, dominated by species as Luzula luzuloides and Nardus stricta. The organic matter content is low in all the studied profiles, as well as the N, P, K values. An others restrictive factor is soil skeleton, presents in relatively high quantity into the soils from the upper part of the catena (slope), while the soils from the lower part are strongly affects by stagnogleyization and mobilization of the plasmic material, which generated many types of redoximorphic features and depleted pedofeatures. This showed that the soils of the studied catena present a high sensitivity. In order to remove or mitigate the negative effects of the land restrictions and according either to the limiting factors generated by relief and soil conditions, the ameliorative work is complexes, while the applied technologies must be friendly with the environment and biodiversity. In conclusion, the melioration will modify the present soil status. Thus, the soil biodiversity, which is currently limited and specialized, being adapted to hard environmental conditions, will be also strongly modify.