Local liabilities between immigrant and native entrepreneurship in clusters and global value chains

The chapter proposes the new concept of “local liabilities” for a better understanding of the link between immigrant entrepreneurship in industrial districts (IDs) and global value chains (GVCs). Local liabilities, in which the term “local” refers to social space, emerges in settings where two (or more) separate communities (of persons and firms) exist: the greater the separation between the communities, the larger the local liabilities. This new form of liability has not yet found a place in the business literature. The term “liability” refers to conditions of disadvantage experienced by certain business actors.