Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the interconversion between CO2 and bicarbonate as well as other hydrolytic reactions. Seven genetic families of CAs have been discovered to date, the α-, β, γ-, δ-, ζ-, η-, and θ-CAs, which have been characterized by kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies allowing a deep understanding of the structure-function relationship in this superfamily of proteins. The activation and inhibition mechanisms of CAs are also known in detail, with many new inhibitor classes having been described in the last few years. In addition to the established role of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, their potential as antiobesity, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antiinfective drugs has been recently proven. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that CA activators (CAAs) might be useful in the treatment of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. The use of CAs for biomedical, industrial, and environmental purposes has also had considerable success in recent years, mainly considering the CA-based CO2 capture for mitigating the global temperature rise.
Carbonic anhydrases: An overview / Nocentini A.; Supuran C.T.. - ELETTRONICO. - (2019), pp. 3-16. [10.1016/B978-0-12-816476-1.00001-0]
Carbonic anhydrases: An overview
Nocentini A.;Supuran C. T.
2019
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the interconversion between CO2 and bicarbonate as well as other hydrolytic reactions. Seven genetic families of CAs have been discovered to date, the α-, β, γ-, δ-, ζ-, η-, and θ-CAs, which have been characterized by kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies allowing a deep understanding of the structure-function relationship in this superfamily of proteins. The activation and inhibition mechanisms of CAs are also known in detail, with many new inhibitor classes having been described in the last few years. In addition to the established role of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, their potential as antiobesity, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antiinfective drugs has been recently proven. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that CA activators (CAAs) might be useful in the treatment of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. The use of CAs for biomedical, industrial, and environmental purposes has also had considerable success in recent years, mainly considering the CA-based CO2 capture for mitigating the global temperature rise.
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