Legislating in the Age of AI: Key Challenges in Implementing Large Language Models within Legislative Assemblies

This study explores the application of Large Language Models within legislative assemblies, assessing both its potential benefits and inherent risks. These AI systems are increasingly used to enhance legislative research, streamline administrative functions, and improve public engagement, marking a significant evolution in the digitalisation of representative institutions. However, adopting AI in legislative assemblies raises critical legal, ethical, and institutional challenges. The study examines risks related to data protection, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and algorithmic bias, emphasising the need for transparency, accountability, and democratic oversight. It also highlights the regulatory gaps surrounding AI use in legislative settings, assessing current legal frameworks such as the EU AI Act and recent international policy developments. In response to these challenges, the study advocates developing comprehensive governance frameworks to ensure AI’s responsible implementation in legislative assemblies. It underscores the necessity of clear guidelines, robust regulatory instruments, and cross-institutional cooperation to safeguard democratic principles. The research concludes that a balanced approach is essential to preserving the legitimacy and resilience of democratic institutions in the digital era.