Tecnologie di rilievo digitale per la lettura e la valorizzazione delle architetture difensive: il caso dello stradello di San Giovanni alla Vena (PI)

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a research project on the Stradello of San Giovanni alla Vena (Vicopisano, PI), an area of significant historical and architectural interest within the medieval Pisan defensive system. The investigation lies at the intersection between historical-territorial reconstruction and the application of advanced digital survey methodologies, with the aim of capturing the material, geometric, and stratigraphic complexity of the site. The study integrates historical sources, morphological analysis, and a survey carried out through a combined approach of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and digital photogrammetry, calibrated and validated through cross-checking procedures. This integration made it possible to overcome the limitations of each individual technology: the continuity and precision of TLS were complemented by the ability of 3D photomodelling to record masonry textures, color data, and decay phenomena with a high degree of resolution. The processing produced high-density point clouds, thematic drawings with orthophotos, sections, and three-dimensional models, which serve not only as tools for scientific analysis but also for critical interpretation and heritage enhancement. The results confirm that digital surveying today constitutes a mediation device between research, conservation, and public dissemination of heritage, opening up perspectives for the development of integrated information systems and participatory enhancement strategies. The case study is therefore proposed as a methodological paradigm that can be replicated for the documentation of built contexts in minor centers, peripheral areas, and fragile urban heritage