Predicting dyslexia in a transparent orthography from grade-one literacy skills: a prospective cohort study

This prospective cohort study was conducted to explore the predictability of dyslexia from first- grade literacy skills in Italian students. One hundred eleven Italian students were followed in primary school from the first through the third grade. Students were diagnosed with dyslexia in the third grade. Participants' first-grade performances in phonological awareness, reading, and spelling were retrospectively tested as predictors through a binary logistic regression analysis. The data confirmed that it is possible to detect dyslexic students from the first grade, in terms of reading and spelling performances, whereas phonological awareness was not predictive